aut_to_exp.hxx

// aut_to_exp.hxx: this file is part of the Vaucanson project.
//
// Vaucanson, a generic library for finite state machines.
//
// Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008 The Vaucanson Group.
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
// of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// The complete GNU General Public Licence Notice can be found as the
// `COPYING' file in the root directory.
//
// The Vaucanson Group consists of people listed in the `AUTHORS' file.
//
#ifndef VCSN_ALGORITHMS_AUT_TO_EXP_HXX
# define VCSN_ALGORITHMS_AUT_TO_EXP_HXX

# include <vaucanson/algorithms/aut_to_exp.hh>

# include <vaucanson/automata/concept/handlers.hh>
# include <vaucanson/algorithms/normalized.hh>
# include <vaucanson/misc/usual_macros.hh>
# include <vaucanson/misc/contract.hh>
# include <vaucanson/misc/limits.hh>
# include <vaucanson/misc/random.hh>
# include <vaucanson/automata/concept/automata_base.hh>

# include <list>
# include <set>
# include <vector>

# include <stdlib.h>
# include <time.h>

namespace vcsn {

  /*---------------.
  | DefaultChooser |
  `---------------*/

  template <class Auto_>
  typename Auto_::hstate_t
  DefaultChooser::operator()(const Auto_& a) const
  {
    assertion(a.states().size() > 0);
    typename Auto_::state_iterator s = a.states().begin();
    typename Auto_::state_iterator k = s;
    while ((k != a.states().end()) &&
           ((a.is_initial(*k)) || (a.is_final(*k))))
      ++k;
    s = k;
    return *s;
  }

  /*--------------.
  | RandomChooser |
  `--------------*/

  template <class Auto_>
  typename Auto_::hstate_t
  RandomChooser::operator()(const Auto_& a) const
  {
    assertion(a.states().size() > 0);

    int n_init = 0;
    int n_final = 0;
    for (typename Auto_::state_iterator i = a.states().begin();
         i != a.states().end();
         ++i)
    {
      if (a.is_initial(*i))
        ++n_init;
      if (a.is_final(*i))
        ++n_final;
    }

    unsigned n = misc::random::generate((unsigned) 0,
                                        a.states().size() -
                                        (n_init + n_final));

    typename Auto_::state_iterator k = a.states().begin();
    unsigned kk = 0;
    while (kk <= n || k == a.states().end() ||
           ((a.is_initial(*k)) || (a.is_final(*k))))
    {
      if (k == a.states().end())
      {
        k = a.states().begin();
        continue;
      }
      ++k;
      ++kk;
    }
    return *k;
  }

  /*----------------------------.
  |    Heuristic chooser:         |
  | Transition Number Heuristic |
  `----------------------------*/

  template <class Auto_>
  typename Auto_::hstate_t
  HChooser::operator()(const Auto_& a) const
  {
    assertion(a.states().size() > 0);

    std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t> delta_in;
    std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t> delta_out;

    typename Auto_::state_iterator s = a.states().begin();
    unsigned int d_in = 0;
    unsigned int d_out = 0;
    unsigned int max = misc::limits<unsigned int>::max();
    bool has_loop = false;
    bool has_loop_old = false;

    for (typename Auto_::state_iterator i = a.states().begin();
         i != a.states().end();
         ++i)
    {
      if (a.is_final(*i) || a.is_initial(*i))
        continue;
      has_loop = false;

      for (typename Auto_::delta_iterator j(a.value(), *i);
           ! j.done();
           j.next())
        delta_out.push_back(*j);
      for (typename Auto_::rdelta_iterator j(a.value(), *i);
           ! j.done();
           j.next())
        delta_in.push_back(*j);
      for (typename std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t>::iterator j = delta_out.begin();
           j != delta_out.end();
           ++j)
        if (*i == a.dst_of(*j))
          has_loop = true;

      //FIXME : If the state has several loops
      if (has_loop)
        d_in = delta_in.size() - 1;
      else
        d_in = delta_in.size();
      d_out = delta_out.size();

      //We prefer to delete a state that has no loop transition
      if (d_in * d_out < max ||
          (d_in * d_out == max &&
           has_loop_old && not has_loop))
      {
        s = i;
        max = d_in * d_out;
        has_loop_old = has_loop;
      }
      delta_out.clear();
      delta_in.clear();
    }
    return *s;
  }

  /*-------------------------.
  | Heuristic chooser:       |
  | from Delgado & Morais    |
  | (Proposed in CIAA 2004)  |
  `-------------------------*/

  template <class Auto_>
  typename Auto_::hstate_t
  DMChooser::operator()(const Auto_& a) const
  {
    assertion(a.states().size() > 0);

    std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t> delta_in;
    std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t> delta_out;
    typename Auto_::state_iterator s = a.states().begin();

    int weight_min = misc::limits<int>::max();
    for (typename Auto_::state_iterator i = a.states().begin();
         i != a.states().end();
         ++i)
    {
      if (a.is_final(*i) || a.is_initial(*i))
        continue;
      unsigned int n_loops = 0;
      unsigned int in = 0;
      unsigned int out = 0;

      int weight = 0;

      delta_in.clear();
      delta_out.clear();
      for (typename Auto_::delta_iterator j(a.value(), *i);
           ! j.done();
           j.next())
        delta_out.push_back(*j);
      for (typename Auto_::rdelta_iterator j(a.value(), *i);
           ! j.done();
           j.next())
        delta_in.push_back(*j);

      for (typename std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t>::iterator j = delta_out.begin();
           j != delta_out.end();
           ++j)
        if (*i == a.dst_of(*j))
          ++n_loops;

      in = delta_in.size() - n_loops;
      out = delta_out.size() - n_loops;

      // Compute SUM(Win(k) * (Out - 1))
      for (typename std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t>::iterator j = delta_in.begin();
           j != delta_in.end();
           ++j)
        if (*i != a.dst_of(*j))
        {
          weight += a.series_value_of(*j).length() * (out - 1);
        }

      // Compute SUM(Wout(k) * (In - 1))
      for (typename std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t>::iterator j = delta_out.begin();
           j != delta_out.end();
           ++j)
        if (*i != a.dst_of(*j))
        {
          weight += a.series_value_of(*j).length() * (in - 1);
        }

      // Compute Wloop * (In * Out - 1)
      for (typename std::list<typename Auto_::htransition_t>::iterator j = delta_out.begin();
           j != delta_out.end();
           ++j)
        if (*i == a.dst_of(*j))
        {
          weight += a.series_value_of(*j).length() * (in  * out - 1);
        }

      if (weight < weight_min)
      {
        s = i;
        weight_min = weight;
      }
    }
    return *s;
  }

  /*------------.
  | ListChooser |
  `------------*/

  inline ListChooser::ListChooser(const std::list<unsigned int>& l) :
      list_(l),
      pos_(l.begin())
  {
  }

  template <class Auto_>
  typename Auto_::hstate_t
  ListChooser::operator() (const Auto_& a)
  {
    assertion(pos_ != list_.end());
    return a.get_state(*pos_++);
  }

  /*-----------.
  | aut_to_exp |
  `-----------*/

  template <class A, typename AI, typename Chooser>
  typename Element<A, AI>::series_set_elt_t
  do_in_aut_to_exp(const AutomataBase<A>&  a_set,
                   Element<A, AI>&         a,
                   Chooser                 chooser)
  {
    typedef Element<A, AI>                              automaton_t;
    AUTOMATON_TYPES(automaton_t);
    typedef typename automaton_t::series_set_t          series_set_t;
    typedef typename automaton_t::series_set_elt_t      series_set_elt_t;

    typedef typename std::list<htransition_t>           htransition_set_t;
    typedef std::map<hstate_t, series_set_elt_t>        sums_t;

    typename htransition_set_t::const_iterator          i, j;
    hstate_t                                            q;
    htransition_set_t                                   transitions;
    std::list<htransition_t>                            transitions_to_remove;
    normalize_here(a);
    // assertion(is_normalized(a)); // FIXME To remove

    while (a.states().size() != 2)
    {
      series_set_elt_t loop_sum(a_set.series());
      sums_t       in_sums, out_sums;

      q = chooser(a);
      if (a.is_initial(q) || a.is_final(q))
        continue;

      transitions.clear();
      for (delta_iterator e(a.value(), q); ! e.done(); e.next())
        transitions.push_back(*e);
      for (i = transitions.begin(); i != transitions.end(); i = j)
      {
        j = i; ++j;

        if (a.dst_of(*i) == q)
          loop_sum += a.series_of(*i);
        else
        {
          typename sums_t::iterator f = out_sums.find(a.dst_of(*i));
          if (f == out_sums.end())
            f = out_sums.insert
              (std::make_pair(a.dst_of(*i),
                              series_set_elt_t(a_set.series()))).first;
          f->second += a.series_of(*i);
        }
        a.del_transition(*i);
      }
      transitions.clear();
      for (rdelta_iterator e(a.value(), q); ! e.done(); e.next())
        transitions.push_back(*e);
      for (i = transitions.begin(); i != transitions.end(); i = j)
      {
        j = i; ++j;
        // Here all loops have already been removed.
        typename sums_t::iterator f = in_sums.find(a.src_of(*i));
        if (f == in_sums.end())
          f = in_sums.insert
            (std::make_pair(a.src_of(*i),
                            series_set_elt_t(a_set.series()))).first;

        f->second += a.series_of(*i);
        a.del_transition(*i);
      }
      loop_sum.star();
      //Slow
      for_all_const_(sums_t, in, in_sums)
        for_all_const_(sums_t, out, out_sums)
        {
          series_set_elt_t res = in->second * loop_sum * out->second;
          a.add_series_transition(in->first, out->first, res);
        }
      a.del_state(q);
    }
    series_set_elt_t final(a_set.series());
    for_all_const_transitions(i, a)
      final += a.label_of(*i);
    return final;
  }

  /*-----------.
  | aut_to_exp |
  `-----------*/

  template<typename A, typename AI, typename Chooser>
  typename Element<A, AI>::series_set_elt_t
  aut_to_exp(const Element<A, AI>& a, const Chooser& c)
  {
    BENCH_TASK_SCOPED("aut_to_exp");
    Element<A, AI> ret(a);
    return do_in_aut_to_exp(ret.structure(), ret, c);
  }

  template<typename A, typename AI>
  typename Element<A, AI>::series_set_elt_t
  aut_to_exp(const Element<A, AI>& a)
  {
    return aut_to_exp(a, DefaultChooser());
  }

} // vcsn

#endif // ! VCSN_ALGORITHMS_AUT_TO_EXP_HXX

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